Oriental dwarf kingfisher (Ceyx erithaca),

The Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher, scientifically known as Ceyx erithaca, is a small and colorful bird belonging to the Alcedinidae family. It is native to various parts of South and Southeast Asia, including countries like India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. This species is known for its striking plumage and distinctive hunting behavior.

The Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher measures around 13 to 15 centimeters (5 to 6 inches) in length and weighs approximately 17 to 20 grams. The male and female birds have similar appearances, characterized by a compact body, a large head, and a short tail. They possess a vibrant and eye-catching coloration, making them one of the most visually appealing kingfisher species.

The upper parts of the Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher's body are predominantly deep cobalt blue, extending from the crown of the head to the back and wings. The wings themselves are adorned with prominent white patches, which become visible during flight. The bird's underparts are rich chestnut in color, while the throat and upper breast display a bright orange hue. Its beak is short and stout, colored black, and the eyes are dark brown.

These kingfishers inhabit various forested habitats, including evergreen forests, moist deciduous forests, and bamboo groves. They are usually found near water sources such as streams, rivers, and marshes. The Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher is known to be territorial, defending its small hunting grounds from other individuals.

Being piscivorous, the Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher mainly feeds on small fish, crustaceans, and aquatic insects. It is an adept hunter, perching patiently on a branch or leaf, observing its surroundings for prey. Once it spots its target, it swiftly dives into the water, using its sharp beak to catch its prey. Besides water-based creatures, it may also feed on small reptiles and amphibians.

During the breeding season, the Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher constructs its nest in tree holes, typically excavated by woodpeckers or other cavity-nesting birds. The female lays a clutch of around 3 to 5 white eggs, which are incubated by both parents. After hatching, the parents take turns feeding the chicks until they fledge.

The Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher's vivid plumage and small size make it a sought-after sight for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts. However, its populations are generally declining due to habitat loss and degradation caused by deforestation. Conservation efforts are necessary to protect and preserve this beautiful species and its natural habitats.

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