The Battle of Issos in 333 BCE - Alexander's conquest of Persia (audio)

The Battle of Issos was fought in 333 BCE between Alexander the Great of Macedon and Darius III of Persia. It was a major battle of the wars of Alexander's conquest of the Persian Empire, and took place near the town of Issos in present-day Turkey.
Darius III had a large and well-trained army, but Alexander the Great had a smaller force of highly trained Macedonian soldiers. The battle began with a fierce charge by the Persian cavalry, which was countered by Alexander's phalanx infantry. The phalanx held its ground against the Persian charge, and then began pushing forward, slowly breaking the Persian lines.
Darius III then tried to outflank Alexander's army with his chariots, but the Macedonian infantry managed to hold them off. Alexander then launched a cavalry charge against the Persian left flank, which shattered their lines and sent them into retreat. Darius III himself was forced to flee the battlefield, narrowly avoiding capture by Alexander.
The battle was a decisive victory for Alexander, with the Persian forces suffering heavy casualties and losing most of their equipment and supplies. Alexander's army suffered relatively few losses, and he was able to consolidate his position in the region and continue his conquest of the Persian Empire.
The Battle of Issos is considered a key turning point in Alexander's campaign, as it gave him control of the eastern Mediterranean and opened the way for his conquest of Egypt and further east. It also established Alexander's reputation as a brilliant military strategist and commander, and cemented his legacy as one of the greatest military leaders in history.

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