The SEX RULES Of Tudor Period
During the Tudor era, attitudes towards sex were complex and often contradictory, influenced by both religious doctrine and medical beliefs. For kings and queens, the imperative to produce heirs was not merely a matter of personal preference but a vital duty to ensure the continuation of the royal lineage. Henry VIII, in particular, understood the significance of this responsibility, being the sole surviving son of his mother, Elizabeth of York, who had borne eight children, but only three survived by 1509. Thus, the pressure was on Henry and his new wife, Catherine of Aragon, to produce children, particularly a son, to secure the Tudor dynasty's future.
Go forth and multiply (especially if you’re a king…)
For kings and queens, having children was not just a moral duty but crucial for keeping the royal family line going. Henry VIII understood this well. His mother, Elizabeth of York, had eight children, but only three were alive by 1509, and Henry was the only surviving son. It was vital for the Tudor dynasty that he and his new wife, Catherine of Aragon, have children, especially a son.
However, things did not go smoothly at first. Catherine miscarried a daughter in January 1510 and had a false pregnancy by May 1510. She gave birth to a Prince of Wales in January 1511, but he died within two months. By their first anniversary, royal advisers were already worried about Catherine's fertility. Her own ambassador blamed her excessive fasting for her irregular menstruation.
In cases of infertility, women were often blamed. However, popular medical texts called the Trotula stated that infertility could be due to either the man or the woman. They suggested men could improve their potency by eating foods like onions and parsnips, while women might need treatments like pessaries or fumigants for a dry or slippery womb.
Only have sex within marriage
The church allowed sex only within marriage, primarily to have children. In 1509, getting married was simple: a man and a woman exchanged vows in front of a witness and then consummated the marriage. For example, one 15th-century couple got married while milking a cow by Beverley Gate in Hull. Because of this informal process, some unions were later denied by one party, turning legitimate marital sex into illegal fornication.
Henry VIII’s friend Charles Brandon was notorious for his actions in this regard. He first married Anne Browne in a questionable ceremony, only to leave her after she had his daughter. He then married Anne’s aunt, who was 20 years older, and spent two years taking her wealth before annulling the marriage and returning to Anne. All of this was legally acceptable.
Don’t have sex on Wednesdays
The church had very strict rules about sex. At first glance, it might seem like sex was almost entirely banned. People were not allowed to have sex on Wednesdays, Fridays, or Sundays; during Lent, Advent, and Pentecost; before major holy days; when a woman was on her period, pregnant, for a month after giving birth, and while breastfeeding; three days before taking communion; during daylight hours; while naked; or in any position other than missionary.
Any sexual activity that did not aim for having children was considered 'sodomy' by law. This included wet dreams, masturbation, oral sex, incest, bestiality, and homosexual acts, all of which were condemned.
Enjoy yourself...
Doctors in the past had a different view of sex compared to the church. Influenced by ancient Greek thinkers like Hippocrates and Galen, they believed that too little sex could harm your health and even lead to dangerous behavior. They thought both men and women produced "seed," which was necessary for creating life and maintaining health. If a man didn't release his seed, he might turn to incest, bestiality, or rape.
In cities like Florence, brothels were licensed to prevent men from resorting to homosexual acts to release their seed. For women, holding onto their seed could cause convulsions, fainting, breathing problems, and even madness. The recommended cure was sex. As the 14th-century physician John of Gaddesden suggested, a woman suffering from these issues should get married and have sex.
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