2-Minute Neuroscience: Parkinson's Disease

How do you know i have cns end of module exam next week.. Omg.. Thanks 😁

That's a wonderful lecture
Thanks a lot

My poor grandad is in end stages of Parkinson's, it's a terrible disease and I hope in the future they can cure it 😢

I PASS MY CNS MODULE AND YASS PARKINSON WAS IN MY END OF MODULE EXAM! 😂 THAT IS THE LAST MODULE BEFORE CLINICAL YEARS... 😍😍😍 FOCUSING ON PRO EXAM... 😆😆😆

Thank you for this! We produce videos that help those with Parkinson's work on speech and motor skills using music therapy.

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Wow man , such a huge topic explained so nicely

Awesome and quick! Thanks!

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Sir i have congenital parkisons desease how treat it?

Thank you so much for provide these video’s. I suffer from dyslexia and these video’s help me break down the information and re process it.

THANK YOU, MISTER!!!

The number of chemicals that have been found to trigger PD is overwhelming. Why is nothing said or taught about those…

The INBRIJA inhaler has saved so many of our Parkinson’s Patients purely because it works almost instantly unlike a pill that takes almost an hour to work. We have never seen something work for Parkinson’s Patients like INBRIJA.

Great video, thank-you - but the non-motor symptoms of Parkinsons need to described here a bit more fully - as poor sleep, low mood, low motivation, depression, off periods - are every bit as bothersome as the commonly known motor symptoms. We are developing and researching laser therapies to improve sleep, gait, cognition AND motor symptoms. Using infrared laser on the gut and back of neck is proving very successful so far in small cohort studies.

Sir,does Prefrontal cortex inhibit sexual motor response with the help of basal ganglia in human being?

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So called medics can't wait to diagnose patient customers narkolepsis, epilepsy or whatever else. Well done.

👍

My Grandfather passed away with Parkinson’s. recently, my aunt was diagnosed. She’s struggling with the diagnosis I think because we all watched my grandfather wither away. I don’t want her to feel isolated, and I wish for her to maintain a high quality of life.

Your 2 min video explained what's happening to me better than anyone. Thank you:)

Parkinson's disease is considered a neurodegenerative disease because it involves the degeneration and death of neurons. It's most frequently seen in adults over the age of 50.
The most recognizable symptoms of Parkinson's initially are movement-related and generally involve a tremor, that is worse when a person is at rest, bradykinesia wich is slowness of movements, rigidity and postural impairment.
Parkinson's patients also often experience non-motor symptoms like cognitive impairment or psychiatric symptoms.
The causes of Parkinson's are not fully understood, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors is likely involved.
Parkinson's patients have low levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine in the basal ganglia, a group of structures involved with movement(among other functions).
These low dopamine levels in the basal ganglia are caused by the death of dopamine neurons in a region of the basal ganglia called the substantia nigra. The substantia nigra has high numbers of dopamine neurons, but by the end stages of Parkinson's patients have often lost more than half of the dopamine neurons in this region. The most common treatment for Parkinson's involve an attempt to restore depleted dopamine levels in the basal ganglia, because dopamine doesn't cross the blood-brain barrier, dopamine cannot simply be administered to a patient.
Instead, however, patients can be given a precursor to dopamine called L-DOPA.
L-DOPA can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used by the brain to synthesize more dopamine. This can lead to improvement in the motor symptoms of Parkinson's, but L-DOPA does not halt the neurodegeneration that occurs in Parkinson's disease, and long-term use of L DOPA can cause a number of side effects, including movement-related problems.
So it's not a cure for the disease and other treatments are still being explored.

“Types of Parkinson’s Symptoms
Symptoms of Parkinson’s vary by the type of parkinsonism and between individuals. An individual with Parkinson’s will not necessarily experience all or even most symptoms. Parkinson’s is a progressive disease, which means that symptoms worsen gradually over time, new symptoms appear, and disability accumulates.

Motor Symptoms
Everyone with Parkinson’s experiences symptoms related to movement, known as motor symptoms. In early stages of Parkinson’s, motor symptoms are typically unilateral — limited to one side of the body. Motor symptoms are the hallmarks of parkinsonism, and the condition cannot be diagnosed without them. The most common motor symptoms of Parkinson’s include:

Bradykinesia (Slowed movement)
Tremor
Rigidity
Loss of balance
Other motor symptoms of parkinsonism include:

Stooped posture
Shuffling gait
Dystonia (repetitive twisting, swaying, or head-bobbing motions)
Painful muscle contractions
Muscle jerks or twitches
Freezing episodes
Mask-like facial expression
Decreased blinking
Softer, slurred, or mumbled speech
Speaking in a monotone voice
Drooling
Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
Micrographia (small handwriting)
Slowed or abnormal eye movements
Eyelid spasms
Difficulty opening the eyes
Nonmotor Symptoms
Many people with Parkinson’s experience other types of symptoms in addition to motor symptoms.

Cognitive Symptoms
According to studies, about 40 percent of those with Parkinson’s eventually experience cognitive difficulties. Cognitive changes, often referred to collectively as “cog fog” or “brain fog,” can include problems with memory, attention, processing information, finding the right words, slurred speech, learning and remembering new things, organization, and getting lost in familiar places.

Psychotic Symptoms
Between 20 percent and 40 percent of people who take medications for parkinsonism experience a loss of connection with reality known as psychosis. Psychosis can either be caused directly by the disease or as a side effect of treatment. Psychotic symptoms can include:

Visual hallucinations
Delusions
Paranoia
Irrational fears
Flashbacks
Nightmares
Sensory Symptoms
Decreased sense of smell is very common and often among the earliest symptoms of Parkinson’s. Approximately 96 percent of people newly diagnosed with Parkinson’s show a loss of sense of smell. Some people with Parkinson’s experience vision changes, including blurred vision, double vision, loss of sensitivity in the perception of color and contrast, and visual hallucinations. The sense of taste may also be affected by parkinsonism.

Mood and Personality Changes
Parkinson’s and medications for the condition often cause changes in mood and can affect personality traits. Psychological symptoms of Parkinson’s can include:

Depression
Anxiety
Anger
Irritability
Jealousy
Increased or decreased interest in sex
Impulsiveness
Compulsive behavior
Other Symptoms
Fatigue is common in Parkinson’s. Fatigue may not be caused directly by Parkinson’s, but stem from other symptoms, including motor difficulties, sleep problems, and depression, or be among the side effects of medication for parkinsonism.

Problems with sleep are widespread in people with Parkinson’s. Sleep disturbances are the most common sleep symptom, but insomnia, restless legs syndrome, nightmares, and difficulty turning over in bed are also experienced.

Orthostatic hypotension is the scientific term for feeling dizzy when you stand up. It is a common symptom of Parkinson’s – experienced by 20 to 30 percent of those with the condition – and can lead to faints and dangerous falls. Orthostatic hypotension is a result of low blood pressure either due to nerves damaged by the disease or as a side effect of Parkinson’s medication. Orthostatic hypotension usually happens within three minutes of standing. This symptom is more likely the older you get and the longer you have Parkinson’s.

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, especially constipation, are among the most common Parkinson’s symptoms.

Bladder dysfunction is common in Parkinson’s. As many as 50 percent of those with advanced Parkinson’s report overactive bladder.

Pain in Parkinson’s disease comes in many varieties. Although Parkinson’s is not widely considered a painful disease, it can cause muscle pain from cramps and repetitive movements, neuropathy (nerve pain, or pins-and-needles numbness sensation), shooting pain such as sciatica, or a sharp, burning pain. Pain usually occurs on the side of the body most affected by Parkinson’s symptoms.

It is common for people with Parkinson’s to experience sexual dysfunction. Parkinson’s causes lowered libido and difficulty orgasming in both sexes. Motor symptoms can also make physical aspects of sex problematic. In men, Parkinson’s leads to erectile dysfunction and ejaculation problems. In women, decreased arousal, vaginal dryness, and pain with intercourse occur. In about 1 percent of people with Parkinson’s, medications cause hypersexuality — compulsive sexual behavior.

People with Parkinson’s are four times more likely to develop melanoma, a dangerous type of skin cancer. Those who have had melanoma are four times more likely to develop Parkinson’s.”

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Short term memory delay as opposed to a good long term memory. Hold a beat for 30 seconds or more

Great video!! Honestly, I want to know more information about PD treatments. How many main treatments do we have at present?

Wonderful that you explained the symptoms. Please also find and explain the cure which is most important. Otherwise it is all futile.

Mostly causes vatadosha

Ayurveda and homoeop has cured this.

Which part of basal ganglia is involved with substantia nigra

Thank you for an informative video which is simple enough to understand while also being very accurate. Tried watching a few other videos about Parkinsons and your video was the best by far.

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This really helped with my assignment thanks a lot!

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I have my neuroscience exam tomorrow and if i pass i owe it all to u

Great summary and such detail, thx

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Even my father is in end stages of Parkinson's. its worst disease unable to walk and stand himself, even tablets wont work at ending stages.

Good. Better than the other (crappy) videos I’ve seen.