Ancient Scientists on Mental Health (Mental Disorders in Antiquity Part Two)

2 года назад

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Following from my previous video on the depictions of mental illness through Greek & Roman myths and religion, here (at last) is my analysis of the subject in the writings of ancient doctors and philosophers.

From Hippocrates to Galen, Plato to Cicero, Democritus and Asclepiades of Bithynia, many throughout those ancient days had their say on the ever increasingly relevant area of mental health. Depression, anxiety, even psychopathy - all were studied over two thousand years ago.

Here we explore those studies and see how far (or not!) medical science has evolved from the earliest thinkers to modern psychology & psychiatry.

Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction
00:35 Hippocrates
02:46 Hippocrates in Plautus & Roman Literature
03:15 Asclepiades of Bithynia
04:11 Galen
05:25 Soranus of Ephesus
05:42 Caelius Aurelianus
06:47 Democritus
07:52 Epicurus
08:19 Plato
09:16 Aristotle
10:31 Cicero
11:48 Cicero's Legacy
12:30 Seneca

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Sources Used

Ancient Texts:
Seneca - Moral Epistles (Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium)
Cicero - Tusculan Disputations (Tusculanae Disputationes)
Plato - The Laws (Νόμοι)
Aristotle - The Politics (Πολιτικά)
Aristotle - Nicomachean Ethics (Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια)
Pseudo-Apollodorus - Bibliotheca (Βιβλιοθήκη)
The Hippocratic Corpus (Corpus Hippocraticum)
Plautus - The Brothers Menaechmus (Menaechmi)
Caelius Aurelianus (transl. of Soranus of Ephesus) - On Acute and Chronic Diseases
Galen - On the passions and errors of the soul
Augustine - Against Julian (contra julianum)
Diogenes Laërtius - Lives & Opinions of the Eminent Philosophers (Βίοι καὶ γνῶμαι τῶν ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ εὐδοκιμησάντων)

Articles:
Sacred Psychiatry in Ancient Greece (2014) - Tzeferakos, G & A. Douzenis
shorturl.at/dGZ01

Mentally Ill in Ancient Rome (2017) Pike, M. K.
https://www.cugmhp.org/five-on-friday-posts/mentally-ill-in-ancient-rome/

Ancient philosophers on mental illness (2018) Ahonen, M.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0957154X18803508

Cicero's description of mental disorder - in 100 words (2016) Crichton, M.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304708676_Cicero's_description_of_mental_disorder_-_in_100_words

Attitudes towards Mental Illness in Antiquity (1986) - Milns, R.D.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3109/00048678609158898?journalCode=anpa

Mentally Ill in Ancient Rome (2017) - Pike, K. M.
https://www.cugmhp.org/five-on-friday/mentally-ill-in-ancient-rome/

Present Insanity - From the Common Law to the Mental Health
Act and Back (1957) Polsky, S.
https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1433&context=vlr

Credits
If you see any of your artwork in the video, please let me know so I can give you credit.

Film Clips:
'Troy' (2004), Wolfgang Petersen
'American Psycho' (2000), Mary Harron

Music:
'Aetas Romana' by Adrian von Ziegler
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USz9cwVSaqg&t=349s

#MentalHealth #AncientHistory #Hippocrates

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